Chapter 1. Body water
Chapter 2. IV fluids
- IV fluids intro
- What are IV fluids good for?
- Dextrose solutions
- Crystalloids
- Plasma expanders
- IV fluids quiz
Chapter 3. Diuretics
- Diuretics intro
- The philosophy of diuretics
- Loop diuretics
- Thiazide diuretics
- Acetazolamide and the potassium-sparing diuretics
- Diuretic resistence
- Diuretics quiz
Chapter 4. Regulation of volume and water
- Regulation of volume and water intro
- RAAS, ADH, and thirst
- Osmolality vs. tonicity
- Regulation of volume and water quiz
Chapter 5. Hyponatremia
- Hyponatremia intro
- False hyponatremia
- True hyponatremia
- Tea and toast syndrome
- ADH, volume, and hyponatremia
- Euvolemic hyponatremia
- Diagnosis and overview
- Treatment of asymptomatic hyponatremia part 1
- Treatment of asymptomatic hyponatremia part 2
- Treatment of acute symptomatic hyponatremia
- Hyponatremia quiz
Chapter 6. Hypernatremia
- Hypernatremia intro
- Defense against increases in osmolality
- Why isn't the patient drinking?
- Gain of sodium
- Treatment of hypernatremia
- Polyuria, polydipsia
- Hypernatremia quiz
Chapter 7. Potassium
- Potassium intro
- Intracellular cation
- Regulation: intake and cellular distribution
- Regulation: excretion
- Potassium quiz
Chapter 8. Hypokalemia
- Hypokalemia intro
- Introduction and decreased intake
- Intracellular shift
- Increased potassium losses
- Increased renal losses: secondary hyperaldosteronism
- Increased renal losses: vomiting
- Increased renal losses: primary hyperaldosteronism
- Primary hyperaldosteronism: hyperaldosteronism without the aldosterone
- Unreabsorbable anions
- Other causes of increased renal potassium loss
- Symptoms and treatment
- Hypokalemia quiz